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Reading

R&N Chapter 3.1-3.4. If the text is overwhelming, please use the briefing keywords below to guide your reading.

Briefing

  • Who is here?
    • Who is on JIRA?
  • Quiz 3 AI 2024
  • Modelling: State Machine
    • Steates - Transitions; Intial State - Goal; Actions - Action Cost
    • Goal -> Problem -> Search -> Execution
    • problem solving agent -> atomic state representation
      • opposed to planning agents - out of scope for now
  • Informed: know goal and a metric to gauge the distance
    • Best-First Search
    • Redundant Paths
    • Performance
  • Uninformed (Tree Searches): the world must be explored to find the goal
    • Breadth First
    • Depth First
    • Bidirectional Search
  • Challenge find a good model of states

Group Work Exercises

The first two exercises are taken from the AIMA Exercises, and the third one from CodinGame. Please discuss them in groups.

2.4

For each of the following assertions, say whether it is true or false and support your answer with examples or counterexamples where appropriate.

  1. An agent that senses only partial information about the state cannot be perfectly rational.
  2. There exist task environments in which no pure reflex agent can behave rationally.
  3. There exists a task environment in which every agent is rational.
  4. The input to an agent program is the same as the input to the agent function.
  5. Every agent function is implementable by some program/machine combination.
  6. Suppose an agent selects its action uniformly at random from the set of possible actions. There exists a deterministic task environment in which this agent is rational.
  7. It is possible for a given agent to be perfectly rational in two distinct task environments.
  8. Every agent is rational in an unobservable environment.
  9. A perfectly rational poker-playing agent never loses.

3.2

Give a complete problem formulation for each of the following problems. Choose a formulation that is precise enough to be implemented.

  1. There are six glass boxes in a row, each with a lock. Each of the first five boxes holds a key unlocking the next box in line; the last box holds a banana. You have the key to the first box, and you want the banana.
  2. You start with the sequence ABABAECCEC, or in general any sequence made from A, B, C, and E. You can transform this sequence using the following equalities: AC = E, AB = BC, BB = E, and Ex = x for any x. For example, ABBC can be transformed into AEC, and then AC, and then E. Your goal is to produce the sequence E.
  3. There is an n×n grid of squares, each square initially being either unpainted floor or a bottomless pit. You start standing on an unpainted floor square, and can either paint the square under you or move onto an adjacent unpainted floor square. You want the whole floor painted.
  4. A container ship is in port, loaded high with containers. There 13 rows of containers, each 13 containers wide and 5 containers tall. You control a crane that can move to any location above the ship, pick up the container under it, and move it onto the dock. You want the ship unloaded.

Blunder at CodinGame

This is rated as hard, but given that you study AI and this week, we discuss search trees, it should not be too hard, but please do the modelling before you try coding.

Team up and discuss how this game can be modelled as a state machine, how the states can be organised as a tree, and finally how you can traverse the tree, maximising Blunder’s loot.

When you have a good model, you can code up the solution.

CodinGame challenges

There are plenty more relevant problems on CodinGame.

Medium Problems

  1. Don’t Panic — Episode 1 (conditions)
    • You need to help Marvin and his clones (or is it the other way round?) reach the exit in order to help them escape the inside of the Infinite Improbability Drive.
  2. Shadows of the Knight Episode 1 (medium): intervals, binary search
    • Also given in Week 2
    • Batman will look for the hostages on a given building by jumping from one window to another using his grapnel gun. Batman’s goal is to jump to the window where the hostages are located in order to disarm the bombs. Unfortunately he has a limited number of jumps before the bombs go off …
  3. Death First Search - E1
    • You need to assess the opponent’s possibilities, keeping track of multiple possibilities.
  4. Mars Lander — Episode 2 (distances, trigonometry)
    • The goal for your program is to safely land the Mars Lander shuttle, the landing ship which contains the Opportunity rover. Mars Lander is guided by a program, and right now the failure rate for landing on the NASA simulator is unacceptable. This puzzle is the second level of the Mars Lander trilogy. The controls are the same as the previous level but you must now control the angle in order to succeed.

Harder Problems

  1. Don’t Panic — Episode 2 (conditions)
    • Hard. Builds on the previous episode above.
  2. Death First Search - E2
    • Hard. Builds on the previous episode above.
  3. Mars Lander — Episode 3 (distances, trigonometry)
    • Very hard. Builds on the previous episode above.
  4. Shadows of the Knight — Episode 2 (binary search, intervals)
    • Very hard. Builds on the previous episode above.

Debrief

(1) Problem Review

Let’s discuss a sample solution from a student who has not previously shown their code.

(2) Module Evaluation (Reference Group)

  1. Generic Questions
    • Are you comfortable with the goals of the module?
    • Do you make progress when you do exercises?
  2. Alter-Begin-Continue (Yellow Stickers Exercise)